Employment tribunals

An employment tribunal is a specialist court which deals with disputes between employers and employees about employment rights. The judges are expected to help people who do not have a lawyer to represent them.

Types of claim can you take to an employment tribunal

Employment tribunals can deal with claims about a number of different things including:

  • unlawful discrimination,
  • unfair dismissal,
  • part time work, fixed term contracts and agency worker regulations,
  • time off work including for pregnancy, maternity and caring responsibilities
  • flexible working
  • health and safety
  • Trade Union activities
  • equal pay,
  • payments in lieu of notice, unpaid wages, unpaid holiday pay, and unlawful deductions,
  • redundancy payments,
  • breach of contract but only after your job has ended, and
  • whistleblowing (where you have told people about serious wrongdoing at your work).

For more information about employment tribunals and how to take a claim see our series of guides How to go to employment tribunal.

Taking your case to an employment tribunal should be a last resort. It can be a stressful and time-consuming process. 

This guide was written by Law for Life thanks to funding from the Bar Standards Board.


Law for Life would like to thank all those who provided advice and feedback on this guide and Rebecca Thomas from 42BR Barristers who peer reviewed the guide.

August 2023

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