Employees

You are likely to be an employee if:

• you have to do the work yourself – you can’t choose to pass it on or hire someone else to do it, or refuse to do it, and
• you must work regularly unless you are on holiday, and
• someone is in charge of you and tells you what to do and how to do it, and
• you have set hours and are paid by your employer, depending on the hours you do.

Your employment contract

If you are an employee, you have a contract of employment whether or not it is put into writing. The contract of employment may be agreed verbally or by how people act. You have a right to ask your employer to put down the main terms of your contract in writing if this hasn't been done already. The contract will say things like how much and when you will be paid, what your hours of work are, your place or places of work and how much holiday and sick leave you can have.

Read through your contract and keep it in a safe place - you will need your contract if you have a problem. By law, your main terms and conditions of employment have to be given to you in writing within two months of starting work at the latest. Your main terms and conditions of employment are your name and employer’s name, place of work, start date, job title, pay details, entitlement to holiday and sick pay, pension scheme, and the notice you have to give and are entitled to receive before leaving.

Your rights as an employee

If you are an employee you have the same rights as workers (see below) plus more on top, such as:

• maternity, paternity and adoption leave and pay
• redundancy pay after two years of continuous employment
• the right to claim unfair dismissal after two years of continuous employment.

To learn more about these and other rights as an employee go to Acas - checking your employment rights.

Workers

You are likely to be a worker if:

• your work is not as regular or structured as the work described above, and
• you don’t have guaranteed hours from the person or organisation who pays you, and
• you don’t have to make yourself available for work at set times on a regular basis, (although you should do the work you agree to do).

Workers include casual workers, people on zero hours contracts, agency workers and people working in the gig economy. We talk more about these below.

Your rights as a worker

If you are a worker you do not have the same rights as an employee. But you do have the following rights:

• you should be given written document that sets out your job rights and responsibilities
• you are entitled to the National Minimum Wage
• you should get paid holiday leave - also called ‘statutory annual leave’
• the organisation who pays you must give you payslips
• you should not be unlawfully discriminated against
• you should not be treated unfairly for working part time

You might also be entitled to other rights such as Statutory Sick Pay, Statutory Maternity Pay, Statutory Paternity Pay, Statutory Adoption Pay, and Shared Parental Pay. If you need to know about these rights it is important to get advice -  see if you can find an adviser near you via Advicelocal.

If you think you might be an employee, but your employer says that you're not, see if you can find an adviser near you via Advicelocal.

Agency Work

You are likely to be an agency worker if you are recruited by an employment agency, and are paid by that agency to work in a different workplace. Your contract is with the agency, who place you with an organisation that you do temporary work for.

When you get work from the agency they must give you key information about the work, the money you will be paid and the hours. To read more about agency work go to Acas - agency workers.

Zero hours contracts

There has been a huge rise in zero hour contracts over the last few years.

Zero hours contracts are particularly common in shops, hospitality, and catering and food delivery, and care workplaces.

A zero hours contract does not guarantee you any work, and you do not have to accept any work. You can look for and accept work from another employer at any time if you have a zero hours contract.

Your rights are those of a worker - listed above. Or, depending on how you work and what your work conditions are like you might actually be an employee, giving you more rights. If you are not sure or you do not agree with what your employer says your employment status is you can get help from Acas.

Gig workers

Work in what is known as the ‘gig economy’ shares similarities with work through zero hours contracts. The main difference is that you are paid for each ‘gig’ whatever that might be. For example, if you are a delivery driver you are paid for each parcel you deliver, not by the hours you spend working. The work is very flexible but often has no security and you do not have the rights that an employee has.

Self-employed people

You are likely to be self-employed if:

• you can choose when, how and where to work
• you can hire other people
• you use all your own equipment
• you run a business and invoice your customers instead of being paid
• you can work for different people and charge different rates

Your rights if you are self-employed

You do not have the same rights as employees or workers but you do have the following rights:

• for your health and safety to be protected while you are working somewhere for your client
• not to be discriminated against if you are engaged personally to do work for the client.

August 2023 

About this guide

The information in this guide applies to England and Wales.

The law is complicated. We recommend you try to get advice from the sources we have suggested if at all possible.

This guide was written by Law for Life thanks to funding from the Bar Standards Board.

Law for Life would like to thank all those who provided advice and feedback on this guide and to Orlando Holloway from 42BR Barristers who peer reviewed the guide.